Suitable for adults and young adults. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. 1864. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. 51-52. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. [citation needed] Most of these volunteers tended to hail from southern and eastern counties of the state, while northern and western Maryland furnished more volunteers for the Union armies. Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. Moving blindly without his cavalry, Lee stumbled into the huge Union army at a place called Gettysburg where he was soundly defeated. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. Jubal Earlys Attack on WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Civil War Sites to Visit - Visit Maryland | VisitMaryland.org Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. civil War original matches. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. [53] $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. A Field Guide to Civil War Statues in WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. South Mountain Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Closed in 1865. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. Coming Soon!! Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of Union Prisoner of War Camps Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. The sirens whistled. The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. (PowerPoint presentation.). Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. Civil War - Maryland Department of Natural Resources 3. camps [Howard County, MD in the Civil War] - hococivilwar.org Civil War in MoCo Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. Maryland civil War original matches. Civil War See chart and explanation, p. 550. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. Maryland's POW Camps in World War II August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. Anxious about the risk of secessionists capturing Washington, D.C., given that the capital was bordered by Virginia, and preparing for war with the South, the federal government requested armed volunteers to suppress "unlawful combinations" in the South. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. WebEmerging Civil War Series. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. Civil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. ContactMatthew Gagleor call 301-340-2825. This history of the 1st U.S.C.T., credited to the District of Columbia contains roster on pp. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. Some narration fills in the material and moves events relentlessly to Civil War. Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery--Civil War Era National "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. Others suffered from harsh living conditions, severely cramped living quarters, outbreaks of disease, and sadistic treatment from guards and commandants. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. WebThe Civil War Museum (currently closed) Schoolhouse Ridge Trails The 1862 Battle of Harpers Ferry Museum Maryland Heights Trail Bolivar Heights Trail Murphy-Chambers Farm Trail Last updated: July 24, 2019 Was this page helpful? WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) Camp Hoffman (1 If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. Originally constructed to hold political prisoners accused of assisting the Confederacy, Point Lookout was expanded upon and used to hold Confederate soldiers from 1863 onward. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. camp Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. Civil War POW Camps Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table
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